Yekta was created in 1981 from crossing between B5 δ M7 and an early maturing Palistinian line, in Oil Seed Crops Research Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) at Karaj. The pure line of the cross was obtained after five years of selection with pedigree method. Preliminary evaluation of the line along with other 31 selected lines was done in 1989 and Yekta together with other 13 advanced lines were selected and further evaluated for two more years started in 1990.Results showed that Yekta with average yield of 1955 kgha-1 was superior to the check cultivar and other lines in the trial. In advanced yield trial which was conducted in Karaj, Sari and Moghan from 1990 to 1992, Yekta with average yield of 1331 kgha-1 was found as a superior and stable line. This cultivar is early in maturity and recommended for northern parts of Iran with altitude of more than 1000 meter abave the sea level and for the areas with short growing season that the late maturing cultivars of SESAME usually do not perform well.

Introduction: Sesamum indicum L. belongs to Pedaliaceae. This family has 60 species. Ethiopia is probably the origin of SESAME. SESAME is one of the important oil seed, industrial and medicinal plant.Aim: Gain sterile seedling of SESAME seed, successfully culture of different part of seedlings, determined the best medium for call genesis and organogenesis and compared the growth’ regulating agents for callogenesis and organogenesis.Material and Methods: In this research, in vitro culture of Sesamum indicum L. was investigated in MS media with different hormones such as IAA, Kin, and NAA. Different part of seedlings grown on hormone free such as root leaf, stem, apical meristem were used as explants. Accidentally locks with 3 repeats and I each epeats 4 samples was used. Results: The best media for callogenesis , with considering the size and stability were mediums supplementedwith10 mg/l IAA/2mg/l Kin, 10mg/l IAA/5mg/lKin, 10mg/l NAA/2mg /lKin, 10mg/l NAA/5mg/lKin, 20mg/l NAA/10mg/lKin. Between the explants that used, apical meristem in medium supplemented with 2mg/l IAA/10mg/l Kin after callogenesis and organogenesis, had a highest means of regenerated plantlets, this plantlets have must resistantly in culture medium and in nature in comparison with plantlets from apical meristem in the medium with different concentration of IAA/Kin and NAA/Kin. Leaf explants, also in medium supplemented with 10mg/l IAA/20mg/l Kin, formed complete plantlets. There is no organogenesis in calli from stem and root explants.Conclusion: In different part of seedlings, apical meristem was the best part for plantlets regeneration and MS medium supplemented with 2IAA/10Kin (mgl-1) was the best medium for plantlets regeneration from apical meristem.

In this research, cryopreservation was performed by vitrification method with two types of solution protecting PVS2 and PVS3 in 7 time levels (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 minutes). This factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors of protective solution (two level) and time levels (seven level) and three replications. The results of analysis of variance for treatment time and type of solution, in three traits, germination percentage, root and shoot length showed significant differences at the level of 1% (P<0. 01). Interaction effect of time treatment in solution type for the length of root and shoot length were significant at the level of 1% (P<0. 01) and for germination percentage was insignificant at the level of 5% (P<0. 05). Overall, analysis of variance showed that the protective solution type and levels of treatment time in the process of vitrification and the cryopreservation SESAME plant is effective in assessment indicators.

Seed yield of the crops is a quantitatively inheritated trait and much affected by environemtal conditions, therefore, selection for genetic improvement of seed yield may have low efficiency because of the environment effectes. Selection indices can be more effective for simultaneous improvement of seed yield components and finally the seed yield. In order to investigate selection indices for seed yield improvement in SESAME, 15 breeding lines along with five local populations of this crop were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2009. In this study, the traits of capsules/plant, seed weight, seeds/capsule, seed yield/plant and seed yield/plot were evaluated. The Smith-Hazel 1, Smith-Hazel 2 and Pesek-Baker indices were identified based on seed yield components of capsules/plant, seeds/capsule and seed weight. The results showed that seed yield was highly correlated with each of these indices and the estimated efficiency of indirect selection via these indices was relatively high. Thus, it seems that these selection indices can be effectively used for seed yield improvement. The estimated selection efficiency for improvement of seed yield/plot via selection for Pesek-Baker index was slightly more than that of Smith-Hazel ones. However, the efficiency of the Smith-Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of capsules/plant, seeds/capsule and seed weight was a little higher than that of Pesek-Baker index.

Enzymatic dehulling of SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds was investigated in this research work. Since cellulose and hemicellulose are two main ingredients of SESAME hull, cellulase and xylanase were used for SESAME seeds dehulling. A full factorial experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of total enzyme activity in solution, the ratio of cellulase to xylanase activity, and mass percentage of seeds in solution on the dehulling process. Analysis of variance showed that all the three factors affected the process significantly. Efficiencies as high as 95% dehulling in 15 min was obtained with total enzyme activity of 10 U/ (g seeds), the cellulase to xylanase activity ratio of 1, and the SESAME seed mass percentage in solution of 10% (w/w). In a separate experiment the rate of dehulling was determined as a function of time and seeds mass percentage in solution, and a rate equation was suggested for the rate of dehulling. Investigations, moreover, showed that the spent enzyme solution from one batch of dehulling could be reused up to four times without significant loss of enzyme activity.

To evaluate the relationship between traits and response of SESAME cultivars in terms of quantitative and qualitative yields and water use efficiency to different irrigation regimes (full and low irrigation conditions), a split plot field experiment was based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. In this experiment, two factors including irrigation regimes (main factor) and SESAME cultivars (sub factor) were examined. Irrigation regimes in two levels, including irrigation after depletion of 40% and 80% of soil available water (full and low irrigation, respectively) in the main plots and six SESAME cultivars in sub plots were considered. The results showed that low irrigation stress reduced most of the traits (except grain protein percentage and water use efficiency). Among the studied traits under low irrigation condition, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency showed the highest reduction (60%) and among the studied cultivars, Oltan and Dashtestan had the highest yield under the full irrigation conditions. These cultivars also had the highest capsule number, number of grain per capsule, 1000-grain weight and water and nitrogen use efficiency. None of the studied cultivars had desirable performance under the low irrigation conditions. Under both full and low irrigation conditions, the oil percentage had a positive and significant correlation with 1000-grain weight. Therefore, trying to increase the weight of the grains can lead to produce cultivars with high oil percentage.

Statistical approach was employed to optimize biodiesel production from SESAME oil in this work. Precisely, response surface methodology was applied, and the effects of four variables, viz. reaction temperature, catalyst amount, reaction time, and methanol/oil molar ratio, and their reciprocal interactions were determined. Central composite rotatable design was used to generate a total of 30 individual experiments, which were designed to study the effects of these variables during alkali-catalyzed methanolysis of SESAME oil. A statistical model predicted the highest conversion yield of SESAME biodiesel to be 99.71% at the following optimized variable conditions: reaction temperature of 63oC, catalyst amount of 1.04 wt.%, and methanol/oil molar ratio of 6.24, with a reaction time of 51.09 min. Using these variables under experimental condition in four independent replicates, an actual biodiesel yield of 98.36% was accomplished. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced were found to be within the ASTM D6751 and DIN EN 14214 biodiesel specifications.

Background: SESAME cake extract is the by-product left behind after SESAME oil extraction including almost 30% of protein and phytochemicals, which possess free radical scavenging activity. In this study, antioxidant activity of SESAME cake extract on the quality of refined SESAME oil has been evaluated under 60 ◦, C during storage time. Methods: After extraction of ethanolic extract, SESAME oil was treated with concentrations of 0, 20, 50, and 100 ppm of SESAME cake extract and stored at 60 °, C for 30 days. The SESAME cake and refined SESAME oil were taken from Yazd province and extracted with ethanol. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) (at the beginning of the study) and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity (30 days after inoculation) were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of various dilution of the SESAME Cake Ethanol Extract (SCEE) was assessed by measuring, rancimat analysis, Peroxide Value (PV), and Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) assay, and also evaluation of the TPC. Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) as a synthetic antioxidant was used. Experiments were carried out in triplicates and data were processed with ANOVA test by SPSS Software. Results: Radical-scavenging capabilities of SCEE were significantly larger than the group without SCEE but it was detected to be lower than the BHA group. The induction period (IP) of SESAME oil raised as the concentration of SCEE increased. All concentrations of SCEE were able to decline the PV and TBA value. Also, the group containing BHA and 100 μ, g/ml of SCEE significantly showed the same antioxidant activity (p≤, 0. 05). Conclusion: The SCEE as a natural substance can prevent lipid oxidation of the refined SESAME oil like synthetic antioxidants.